近日,一条名为#AI出来后第一个失业的是孙燕姿#的话题被推上热搜,让这位华语乐坛的新加坡籍“冷门歌手”再次受到公众关注。
有关孙燕姿“冷门歌手”的老梗截图
但严格来说,这次火爆出圈的并非孙燕姿 (Stefanie Sun) 本姿,也不是她的演唱会 (concert) 或新专辑 (new album) ,而是网友利用她的声音训练出来的“AI孙燕姿”。
Singaporean singer Stefanie Sun has become a trending topic on Chinese social media platforms once again — not for a new album or concert, but for an artificial intelligence version of her voice.
在 某 视频网站 搜索“AI孙 燕姿”,可以看到一系列让AI用孙燕姿的声音翻唱其他歌手的歌曲。
霸占榜首的是“AI孙燕姿”翻唱周杰伦 (Jay Chou) 的《发如雪》。
听感怎么说呢?反正双语君点开之后,一整个大震惊,接着就直拍大腿:逆天!开口脆!爷青回!!
In recent weeks, a series of music videos featuring Sun’s “voice” has created a buzz after being uploaded on Bilibili.com, a popular Chinese short-video sharing platform. Incredibly, none of the songs were sung by Sun herself, but produced by AI software.
One of them, a video of Fa Ru Xue, or “Hair Like snow”, in which Sun’s voice was digitally inserted in place of the original Chinese singer, Jay Chou, has been viewed more than 1.6 million times on the platform since it was posted on April 14.
一些大约和双语君年龄相仿的中年网友也发出了类似的感慨,表示“AI孙燕姿”简直以假乱真!
Many viewers were shocked by the AI-generated songs, commenting that it is too difficult to distinguish their idol's voice from AI version.
截图:【AI孙燕姿】《发如雪》cover周杰伦
但也有网友认为“AI孙燕姿”还是不如孙燕姿唱得好,只是“像”而已。
在震惊歌迷和网友的同时,“AI孙燕姿”,以及“AI林俊杰”“AI王菲”等AI歌手们也引起了法律届的注意。
一些法律人士表示,与歌手们“抢饭碗”的AI歌手们可能涉嫌侵权 。
Legal professionals have expressed concerns about the possibility of rights infringements.
北京中闻律师事务所律师刘彬告诉双语君,“AI孙燕姿”涉嫌侵犯歌手的姓名权和肖像权,还可能涉嫌侵犯原歌曲作品的著作权。 著作权涉及的相关权利人就比较多了,比如演唱者、词曲作者等都享有与著作权有关的权益。
同时,刘彬援引民法典1023条指出,对自然人声音的保护,参照适用肖像权保护的有关规定,即任何组织或个人不得以丑化、污损,或者利用信息技术手段伪造等方式侵害他人的声音。
“声音是人身属性,有辨识度的声音具有相应的商业价值,孙燕姿的声音就是如此。所以,未经其许可擅自使用其声音,涉嫌侵害孙燕姿的声音权益。”刘彬补充说道。
Citing the Chinese Civil Code, Liu Bin, a lawyer who specializes in handling intellectual property cases at Beijing Zhongwen Law Firm, said that the protection of voices is the same as that for protection of portraits, meaning no individual or organization can debase or falsify voices of others by means of information technology.
“Voices is a personal right, and unique or recognizable tones even have business value, as Sun’s voice does,” he said. “So the use of her voice without her permission could be an infringement.”
图源:哔哩哔哩 Ozzy23 作品页截图
北京云 嘉律师事务所律师赵占领也表达了对AI歌手们在法律层面上的担忧。 “虽然歌手的声音不受著作权保护,但如果某位歌手将其特定的声音申请注册商标,那么他人使用该歌者的声音去演唱,或用与其音色非常接近的声音去演唱,可能会涉及到侵犯商标权。 ”他说。
“If a singer successfully registers a trademark through his or her unique or recognizable voice, the AI-generated songs may even be considered as trademark infringement,” said Zhao Zhanling, a lawyer from Yunjia Law Firm in Beijing.
赵占领还说,AI生成后的声音与原歌手声音以假乱真,容易误导、混淆公众,以此获得的网络点击量可能涉嫌不正当竞争 (unfair competition)。
实际上,早在攻占乐坛之前,AI在其他领域就引发了热议。还记得前几年的AI换脸不?可能就涉嫌侵犯他人的肖像权。
比如,去年杭州互联网法院就审理了一起因“AI换脸”APP利用深度合成算法侵害肖像权的案件,最终判决APP开发者向一名古风汉服模特赔礼道歉并赔偿损失共计5000元。
图源: 中国法院网
自从ChatGPT大火后,与AI有关的技术不可避免地进入了人们的日常工作生活中。人们利用该技术提高生产效率的同时,也难免面临着它带来的很多新问题。
As ChatGPT, an AI chatbot developed by Open-AI, takes the technology world by storm, AI-related products and services have rapidly grown. While they have improved the efficiency of people’s lives and work, they have also created new problems.
对此,赵占领律师提到了今年4月国家互联网信息办公室发布的《生成式人工智能服务管理办法(征求意见稿)》。
图源:中华人民共和国国家互联网信息办公室
这份征求意见稿已于5月10日结束公开征求意见。尽管该办法最终版的具体发布和生效时间还不确定,但想必很多人都对其充满期待。
赵占领认为,制定该办法展现了国家网络监管部门对于AI技术所带来的社会伦理、法律等问题的高度关注,并已开始研究划定AI应用的“边界”。让他印象深刻的是,征求意见稿中提到,生成式AI服务提供者,应当保证其用于训练的数据不得侵犯包括他人知识产权在内的合法权益,同时对于生成的内容要进行标注。
“For example, it states that AI-generated service providers should guarantee data they use for training must not infringe upon others’ intellectual property and other legitimate rights, and the generated content should be annotated,” Zhao said.
刘彬也建议,在法律还没定性前,在使用AI技术时应注意边界,避免侵害他人的合法权益,坚守道德的底线。
目前,被AI生成声音的歌手们尚未表态,但双语君发现,已有一些国内外音乐人表达了对AI的开放态度。
所以,你听“AI孙燕姿”了吗?觉得“唱功”如何?对于AI歌手们的走红,又怎么看呢?
记者:曹音
